阻塞队列和非阻塞队列
阻塞队列和非阻塞队列的区别：阻塞队列可以自己阻塞，非阻塞队列不能自己阻塞，只能使用队列wait(),notify()进行队列消息传送。而阻塞队列当队列里面没有值时，会阻塞直到有值输入。输入也一样，当队列满的时候，会阻塞，直到队列不为空。阻塞队列不需要synchronized,或者调用wait，notify()来进行队列交互。非阻塞队列：
queue.wait();queue.notify();是synchronized (queue)的queue对象调用的，睡眠和唤醒是线程的睡眠和唤醒，public class feizusheQueue{ private int queueSize = 10; private PriorityQueue queue = new PriorityQueue (queueSize); public static void main(String[] args) { feizusheQueue test = new feizusheQueue (); Producer producer = test.new Producer(); Consumer consumer = test.new Consumer(); producer.start(); consumer.start(); } class Consumer extends Thread{ @Override public void run() { consume(); } private void consume() { while(true){ synchronized (queue) { while(queue.size() == 0){ try { System.out.println("队列空，等待数据"); queue.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); queue.notify(); } } queue.poll(); //每次移走队首元素 queue.notify();//执行完，不马上释放锁，synchronized执行完之后释放锁。 System.out.println("从队列取走一个元素，队列剩余"+ queue.size()+"个元素"); } } } } class Producer extends Thread{ @Override public void run() { produce(); } private void produce() { while(true){ synchronized (queue) { while(queue.size() == queueSize){ try { System.out.println("队列满，等待有空余空间"); queue.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); queue.notify(); } } queue.offer(1); //每次插入一个元素 queue.notify(); System.out.println("向队列取中插入一个元素，队列剩余空间："+ (queueSize-queue.size())); } } } }} 阻塞队列：
public class zusheQueue { private int queueSize = 10; private ArrayBlockingQueue queue = new ArrayBlockingQueue (queueSize); public static void main(String[] args) { zusheQueue test = new zusheQueue(); Producer producer = test.new Producer(); Consumer consumer = test.new Consumer(); producer.start(); consumer.start(); } class Consumer extends Thread{ @Override public void run() { consume(); } private void consume() { while(true){ try { queue.take(); System.out.println("从队列取走一个元素，队列剩余"+ queue.size()+"个元素"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } } class Producer extends Thread{ @Override public void run() { produce(); } private void produce() { while(true){ try { queue.put(1); System.out.println("向队列取中插入一个元素，队列剩余空间："+ (queueSize-queue.size())); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }} lock.lock();当其他线程获取了这个锁，这和线程也获取不到这个锁了。condition.signal();但是外层的lock没有释放，还是走不了的。只唤醒一个消费者。
阻塞队列中的几个主要方法：
put方法用来向队尾存入元素，如果队列满，则等待；offer方法用来向队尾存入元素，如果队列满，则等待一定的时间，当时间期限达到时，如果还没有插入成功，则返回false；否则返回true； take方法用来从队首取元素，如果队列为空，则等待； poll方法用来从队首取元素，如果队列空，则等待一定的时间，当时间期限达到时，如果取到，则返回null；否则返回取得的元素；put(E e) take() offer(E e,long timeout, TimeUnit unit) poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) 非阻塞队列中的几个主要方法：add(E e)：将元素e插入到队列末尾，如果插入成功，则返回true；如果插入失败（即队列已满），则会抛出异常；remove()：移除队首元素，若移除成功，则返回true；如果移除失败（队列为空），则会抛出异常；offer(E e)：将元素e插入到队列末尾，如果插入成功，则返回true；如果插入失败（即队列已满），则返回false；poll()：移除并获取队首元素，若成功，则返回队首元素；否则返回null；peek()：获取队首元素，若成功，则返回队首元素；否则返回null对于非阻塞队列，一般情况下建议使用offer、poll和peek三个方法，不建议使用add和remove方法。因为使用offer、poll和peek三个方法可以通过返回值判断操作成功与否，而使用add和remove方法却不能达到这样的效果。注意，非阻塞队列中的方法都没有进行同步措施。 阻塞队列：ArrayBlockingQueue：数组，在创建ArrayBlockingQueue对象时必须制定容量大小。并且可以指定公平性与非公平性，默认情况下为非公平的，即不保证等待时间最长的队列最优先能够访问队列。LinkedBlockingQueue：链表，在创建LinkedBlockingQueue对象时如果不指定容量大小，则默认大小为Integer.MAX_VALUE。PriorityBlockingQueue：以上2种队列都是先进先出队列，而PriorityBlockingQueue却不是，它会按照元素的优先级对元素进行排序，按照优先级顺序出队，每次出队的元素都是优先级最高的元素。注意，此阻塞队列为无界阻塞队列，即容量没有上限（通过源码就可以知道，它没有容器满的信号标志），前面2种都是有界队列。DelayQueue：基于PriorityQueue，一种延时阻塞队列，DelayQueue中的元素只有当其指定的延迟时间到了，才能够从队列中获取到该元素。DelayQueue也是一个无界队列，因此往队列中插入数据的操作（生产者）永远不会被阻塞，而只有获取数据为空的操作（消费者）才会被阻塞。public class ArrayBlockingQueueextends AbstractQueue implements BlockingQueue , java.io.Serializable { final Object[] items; int takeIndex; //下一个要取的位置 int putIndex; //下一个要放的位置 int count; final ReentrantLock lock; private final Condition notEmpty; private final Condition notFull; public ArrayBlockingQueue(int capacity, boolean fair) { if (capacity <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException(); this.items = new Object[capacity]; lock = new ReentrantLock(fair); notEmpty = lock.newCondition(); notFull = lock.newCondition(); } public void put(E e) throws InterruptedException { checkNotNull(e); final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; lock.lockInterruptibly(); try { while (count == items.length) notFull.await(); enqueue(e); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } private void enqueue(E x) { // assert lock.getHoldCount() == 1; // assert items[putIndex] == null; final Object[] items = this.items; items[putIndex] = x; if (++putIndex == items.length) putIndex = 0; count++; notEmpty.signal(); } public E take() throws InterruptedException { final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; lock.lockInterruptibly(); try { while (count == 0) notEmpty.await(); return dequeue(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } private E dequeue() { // assert lock.getHoldCount() == 1; // assert items[takeIndex] != null; final Object[] items = this.items; @SuppressWarnings("unchecked") E x = (E) items[takeIndex]; items[takeIndex] = null; if (++takeIndex == items.length) takeIndex = 0; count--; if (itrs != null) itrs.elementDequeued(); notFull.signal(); return x; } public boolean offer(E e) { checkNotNull(e); final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; lock.lock(); try { if (count == items.length) return false; else { enqueue(e); return true; } } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public boolean offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException { checkNotNull(e); long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout); final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; lock.lockInterruptibly(); try { while (count == items.length) { if (nanos <= 0)//时间到了就返回 return false; nanos = notFull.awaitNanos(nanos); } enqueue(e); return true; } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public E poll() { final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; lock.lock(); try { return (count == 0) ? null : dequeue(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public E take() throws InterruptedException { final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; lock.lockInterruptibly(); try { while (count == 0) notEmpty.await(); return dequeue(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public E poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException { long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout); final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; lock.lockInterruptibly(); try { while (count == 0) { if (nanos <= 0)//时间到了就返回 return null; nanos = notEmpty.awaitNanos(nanos); } return dequeue(); } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public E peek() { final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; lock.lock(); try { return itemAt(takeIndex); // null when queue is empty } finally { lock.unlock(); } } public int size() { final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; lock.lock(); try { return count; } finally { lock.unlock(); } }}
数组阻塞队列：一个lock，2个condition，放的时候放和取都不行，取的时候取和放都不行。为空了取的线程都在emptyCondition
等待，满了放的线程都在fullCondition上面等待，唤醒时候只唤醒一个线程。只能同时一个取或者放。Condition的特性:
1.Condition中的await()方法相当于Object的wait()方法，Condition中的signal()方法相当于Object的notify()方法，Condition中的signalAll()相当于Object的notifyAll()方法。不同的是，Object中的这些方法是和同步锁捆绑使用的；而Condition是需要与互斥锁/共享锁捆绑使用的。 2.Condition它更强大的地方在于：能够更加精细的控制多线程的休眠与唤醒。对于同一个锁，我们可以创建多个Condition，在不同的情况下使用不同的Condition。 如果采用Object类中的wait(), notify(), notifyAll()实现该缓冲区，当向缓冲区写入数据之后需要唤醒"读线程"时，不可能通过notify()或notifyAll()明确的指定唤醒"读线程"，而只能通过notifyAll唤醒所有线程(但是notifyAll无法区分唤醒的线程是读线程，还是写线程)。 但是，通过Condition，就能明确的指定唤醒读线程。 链表阻塞队列：2个锁，2个confition，放的时候不能放可以取（也只是一个取），取的时候不能取可以放（只能一个放）。只能同时一个放一个取。都是通过count来平衡空和满的。public class LinkedBlockingQueueextends AbstractQueue implements BlockingQueue , java.io.Serializable { static class Node { E item; Node next; Node(E x) { item = x; } } private final int capacity; private final AtomicInteger count = new AtomicInteger(); transient Node head; private transient Node last; private final ReentrantLock takeLock = new ReentrantLock(); private final Condition notEmpty = takeLock.newCondition(); private final ReentrantLock putLock = new ReentrantLock(); private final Condition notFull = putLock.newCondition(); private void signalNotEmpty() { final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock; takeLock.lock(); try { notEmpty.signal(); } finally { takeLock.unlock(); } } private void signalNotFull() { final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock; putLock.lock(); try { notFull.signal(); } finally { putLock.unlock(); } } private void enqueue(Node node) { last = last.next = node; } private E dequeue() { // assert takeLock.isHeldByCurrentThread(); // assert head.item == null; Node h = head; Node first = h.next; h.next = h; // help GC head = first; E x = first.item; first.item = null; return x; } void fullyLock() { putLock.lock(); takeLock.lock(); } void fullyUnlock() { takeLock.unlock(); putLock.unlock(); } public LinkedBlockingQueue(int capacity) { if (capacity <= 0) throw new IllegalArgumentException(); this.capacity = capacity; last = head = new Node (null); } public int size() { return count.get(); } public int remainingCapacity() { return capacity - count.get(); } public void put(E e) throws InterruptedException { if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException(); int c = -1; Node node = new Node (e); final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock; final AtomicInteger count = this.count; putLock.lockInterruptibly(); try { while (count.get() == capacity) { notFull.await(); } enqueue(node); c = count.getAndIncrement(); if (c + 1 < capacity) notFull.signal(); } finally { putLock.unlock(); } if (c == 0) signalNotEmpty(); } public boolean offer(E e, long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException { if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException(); long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout); int c = -1; final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock; final AtomicInteger count = this.count; putLock.lockInterruptibly(); try { while (count.get() == capacity) { if (nanos <= 0)//等待时间还没有就返回false return false; nanos = notFull.awaitNanos(nanos); } enqueue(new Node (e)); c = count.getAndIncrement(); if (c + 1 < capacity) notFull.signal(); } finally { putLock.unlock(); } if (c == 0) signalNotEmpty(); return true; } public boolean offer(E e) { if (e == null) throw new NullPointerException(); final AtomicInteger count = this.count; if (count.get() == capacity) //是满的直接返回 return false; int c = -1; Node node = new Node (e); final ReentrantLock putLock = this.putLock; putLock.lock(); try { if (count.get() < capacity) { enqueue(node); c = count.getAndIncrement(); if (c + 1 < capacity) notFull.signal(); } } finally { putLock.unlock(); } if (c == 0) signalNotEmpty(); return c >= 0; } public E take() throws InterruptedException { E x; int c = -1; final AtomicInteger count = this.count; final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock; takeLock.lockInterruptibly(); try { while (count.get() == 0) { notEmpty.await(); } x = dequeue(); c = count.getAndDecrement(); if (c > 1) notEmpty.signal(); } finally { takeLock.unlock(); } if (c == capacity) signalNotFull(); return x; } public E poll(long timeout, TimeUnit unit) throws InterruptedException { E x = null; int c = -1; long nanos = unit.toNanos(timeout); final AtomicInteger count = this.count; final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock; takeLock.lockInterruptibly(); try { while (count.get() == 0) { if (nanos <= 0) //等到时间返回 return null; nanos = notEmpty.awaitNanos(nanos); } x = dequeue(); c = count.getAndDecrement(); if (c > 1) notEmpty.signal(); } finally { takeLock.unlock(); } if (c == capacity) signalNotFull(); return x; } public E poll() { final AtomicInteger count = this.count; if (count.get() == 0) return null; //直接返回 E x = null; int c = -1; final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock; takeLock.lock(); try { if (count.get() > 0) { x = dequeue(); c = count.getAndDecrement(); if (c > 1) notEmpty.signal(); } } finally { takeLock.unlock(); } if (c == capacity) signalNotFull(); return x; } public E peek() { if (count.get() == 0) return null; final ReentrantLock takeLock = this.takeLock; takeLock.lock(); try { Node first = head.next; if (first == null) return null; else return first.item; } finally { takeLock.unlock(); } } public boolean remove(Object o) { if (o == null) return false; fullyLock();//读写都锁住 try { for (Node trail = head, p = trail.next; p != null; trail = p, p = p.next) { if (o.equals(p.item)) { unlink(p, trail); return true; } } return false; } finally { fullyUnlock(); } } public boolean contains(Object o) { if (o == null) return false; fullyLock();//读写都锁住 try { for (Node p = head.next; p != null; p = p.next) if (o.equals(p.item)) return true; return false; } finally { fullyUnlock(); } } public Object[] toArray() { fullyLock(); try { int size = count.get(); Object[] a = new Object[size]; int k = 0; for (Node p = head.next; p != null; p = p.next) a[k++] = p.item; return a; } finally { fullyUnlock(); } }